Iranian chemical communication

Melamine trisulfonic acid as a highly efficient catalyst for the synthesis of 14-aryl-14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes under solvent-free conditions

Abdolkarim Zare; Fatemeh Monfared

Volume 2, Issue 1, pp. 1-81, Serial No. 2 , January 2014, , Pages 1-17

Abstract

  Melamine trisulfonic acid (MTSA) is utilized as a highly efficient catalyst for the solvent-free condensation reaction of 2-naphthol (2 eq.) with arylaldehydes (1 eq.) under conventional thermal as well as microwave conditions to give the d  Read More Melamine trisulfonic acid (MTSA) is utilized as a highly efficient catalyst for the solvent-free condensation reaction of 2-naphthol (2 eq.) with arylaldehydes (1 eq.) under conventional thermal as well as microwave conditions to give the d

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Organic chemistry

Furocoumarins from Heracleum rawianum in Iran

Fatemeh Mahmoudi Kordi; Hassan Valizadeh; Zahra Hosseinzadeh; Mir Babak Bahadori

Volume 3, Issue 1, pp. 1-71, Serial No.6 , January 2015, , Pages 1-5

Abstract

  The species Heracleum rawianum belongs to Apiaceae, is one of the native species in Iran. The leaves and fruits of Heracleum rawianium are used traditionally in Iran as flavouring agent and spice for food. In the present work, the extraction of aerial parts of this plant with acetone by maceration is ...  Read More The species Heracleum rawianum belongs to Apiaceae, is one of the native species in Iran. The leaves and fruits of Heracleum rawianium are used traditionally in Iran as flavouring agent and spice for food. In the present work, the extraction of aerial parts of this plant with acetone by maceration is described. Our phytochemical analysis of the chloroform extract of the aerial parts of this plant afforded three condensed furocoumarins. Furocoumarins such as angelicin (in remarkable amount), allobergapten and sphondin were isolated and identified by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and DEPT-135 spectroscopic data, MS spectrometery and camparison with the literature. To the best of our knowledge, no phytochemical investigations on this species have been reported.

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Physical chemistry

The effects of F2 adsorption on NMR parameters of undoped and 3C-doped (8, 0) zigzag BPNTs

Mahdi Rezaei Sameti; Etrat alsadat Dadfar

Volume 4, Issue 1, pp. 1-132, Serial No. 10 , January 2016, , Pages 1-12

Abstract

  In this research, we studied the structure, properties and NMR parameters of interaction F2 gas with pristine and 3C-doped (8, 0) zigzag models of boron phosphide nanotubes (BPNTs). in order to reach these aims, we considered four different configurations for adsorption of F2gas on the outer and inner ...  Read More In this research, we studied the structure, properties and NMR parameters of interaction F2 gas with pristine and 3C-doped (8, 0) zigzag models of boron phosphide nanotubes (BPNTs). in order to reach these aims, we considered four different configurations for adsorption of F2gas on the outer and inner surfaces of BPNTs. The structures of all models were optimized by using density functional theory (DFT).The chemical shielding (CS) tensors at the sites of 11B and 31P nuclei were computed from the optimized structures and then the computed chemical shielding tensors were converted to isotropic chemical shielding (CSI) and anisotropic chemical shielding (CSA). Due to the donor electron effects of 3C doped atoms, the chemical shielding isotropic (CSI) of F2 gas on surface of BPNTs was significantly more than pristine models. The results showed that F2 adsorption on surface of nanotube was exothermic and 3C-doped decreased the adsorption energy values. The calculated results proved that the chemical activity of complex BPNTs/F2 has increased and hence the chemical stability of the nanotube has decreased.

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Inorganic chemistry

Comparison of chelating ability of dipeptide (histidine-β-alanine) and (tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin) (TPPS4) for in vitro removal of toxic metals

Rahmatollah Rahimi; Maryam Khosravi; Mahboubeh Rabbani; Ebrahim Safavi

Volume 6, Issue 1, pp. 1-108, Serial No. 18 , January 2018, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

  Peptides are one of the best candidates for drug development due to their high specificity and low toxicity and porphyrins are significant macromolecules in biological systems with important roles. In this works ynthesis of dipeptide (histidine-β-alanine) was done by solid-phase peptide synthesis ...  Read More Peptides are one of the best candidates for drug development due to their high specificity and low toxicity and porphyrins are significant macromolecules in biological systems with important roles. In this works ynthesis of dipeptide (histidine-β-alanine) was done by solid-phase peptide synthesis method (SPPS) and tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (TPPS4) was synthesized by Adler method. The molecular structure of the dipeptide and porphyrin was defined by using different methods such as UV-Vis, FT-IR, 1H NMR and LC-Mass spectrometry for dipeptide. Kinetics study and comparison of the chelating ability of dipeptide (histidine-β-alanine) and TPPS4 was investigated for removing of metal ions Al3+, Cu2+, Hg2+ and Pb2+ in vitro.

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Organic chemistry

Multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares applied to kinetic spectrophotometric data for the determination of mixtures of aliphatic amines

Masoumeh Hasani; Tayebeh Sayarpour; Abbas Karami; Masoud Shariati-rad

Volume 7, Issue 1, pp. 1-89, Serial No. 22 , January 2019, , Pages 1-14

https://doi.org/10.30473/icc.2018.42439.1478

Abstract

  Kinetic spectrophotometric second order data based on the reaction of 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulphonate (NQS) coupled with multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) has been proposed for simultaneous determination of ethylamine, propylamine and butylamine. Using second-order advantage, ...  Read More Kinetic spectrophotometric second order data based on the reaction of 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulphonate (NQS) coupled with multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) has been proposed for simultaneous determination of ethylamine, propylamine and butylamine. Using second-order advantage, MCR-ALS methodology can solve problems of quantitation of analyte in the presence of unknown and uncalibrated interferences. Ethylamine, propylamine and butylamine react differentially with NQS at pH 9.5. Therefore, determination of these amines has been carried out due to the difference between their reaction rates. Quantitative determination of each amine in the mixture is performed using a synthetic solution as standard containing only the amine of interest. The MCR-ALS results are evaluated by the residuals and parameters such as lack of fit. The quantitative determination of these amines in different synthetic mixtures and some real samples such as river water, well water, tap water and soil has been performed and the results have been found to have good recoveries.

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Physical chemistry

Electrosynthesis and optical modeling of ZnO nanostructures

Narges Ajami; Ali Ehsani; Ferydon Babaei; Ashraf Heidaripour

Volume 3, Issue 2, pp. 72-147, Serial No. 7 , April 2015, , Pages 72-77

Abstract

  Optical modeling was applied for obtaining absorbance spectra and band gap values for different morphology of ZnO semiconductor. In optical modeling, the relative permittivity scalars of zinc oxide coral like nanorods were calculated using the Bruggeman homogenization formalism. ZnO nano rods (ZONRs) ...  Read More Optical modeling was applied for obtaining absorbance spectra and band gap values for different morphology of ZnO semiconductor. In optical modeling, the relative permittivity scalars of zinc oxide coral like nanorods were calculated using the Bruggeman homogenization formalism. ZnO nano rods (ZONRs) as a nucleus layer were fabricated on the Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) by chronoamperometry (CA) in aqueous solution containing different concentration of zinc nitrate. Reduction of nitrate anion is a good resource for hydroxyl ion that with zinc anion results ZnO. The orientation and morphology of both the nucleus layer and successive coral like ZONRs were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD).

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Theoretical evaluation of medicinal properties for some of N-aryl-3-hydroxypyridine-4-ones derivative compounds

Mohsen Oftadeh; Lotfollah Saghaie; Shahla Pirialam

Volume 2, Issue 2, pp. 82-163, Serial No. 3 , April 2014, , Pages 82-92

Abstract

  Today, the bidentate ligands 3-hydroxypyridin-4-ones (HPOs) as orally active iron chelating agents have been demonstrated to possess potential for treatment of some human diseases such as iron-overload in thalassaemic patients and malaria. In this research, a series of HPOs with different substitutes ...  Read More Today, the bidentate ligands 3-hydroxypyridin-4-ones (HPOs) as orally active iron chelating agents have been demonstrated to possess potential for treatment of some human diseases such as iron-overload in thalassaemic patients and malaria. In this research, a series of HPOs with different substitutes and position were theoretically invest

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Organic chemistry

Electrocatalytic multicomponent assembling of aldehydes, dimedone and 1-naphthylamine for synthesis of novel tetrahydrobenzo[c]acridin-8(7H)-one derivatives

Mohammad Reza Poor Heravi; Hassan Karami; Bagher Mohammadi; Vahid Azizkhani

Volume 7, Issue 2, pp. 90-159, Serial No. 23 , April 2019, , Pages 90-98

https://doi.org/10.30473/icc.2018.4162

Abstract

  An efficient and convenient synthesis of novel tetrahydrobenzo[c]acridin-8(7H)-one derivatives is described using the electrogenerated anion of acetonitriles as the base in the presence of tetrabutylammonium fluoride as an effective supporting electrolyte in a one-pot, three-component condensation of ...  Read More An efficient and convenient synthesis of novel tetrahydrobenzo[c]acridin-8(7H)-one derivatives is described using the electrogenerated anion of acetonitriles as the base in the presence of tetrabutylammonium fluoride as an effective supporting electrolyte in a one-pot, three-component condensation of aromatic aldehyde, dimedone and 1-naphthyl amine. The reaction is carried out in an undivided cell containing an iron cathode and a graphite anode under a constant current density of 5 mA/cm2 (I=20 mA, electrode surface=5 cm2) in CH3CN at room temperature was found to be optimum for the electrochemically induced chain process and resulted in the highest yield. An efficient and convenient synthesis of novel tetrahydrobenzo[c]acridin-8(7H)-one derivatives is described using the electrogenerated anion of acetonitriles as the base in the presence of tetrabutylammonium fluoride as an effective supporting electrolyte in a one-pot, three-component condensation of aromatic aldehyde, dimedone and 1-naphthyl amine. The reaction is carried out in an undivided cell containing an iron cathode and a graphite anode under a constant current density of 5 mA/cm2 (I=20 mA, electrode surface=5 cm2) in CH3CN at room temperature was found to be optimum for the electrochemically induced chain process and resulted in the highest yield.

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Organic chemistry

Ultrasound assisted oxidation of various alcohols to corresponding aldehydes by using Al2O3 as catalyst

Sadegh Rahmati; Ardeshir Khazaei; Maryam Golbaghi; Mohammad Panahimehr

Volume 6, Issue 2, pp. 109-217, Serial No. 19 , April 2018, , Pages 109-113

Abstract

  A convenient approach for oxidation of structurally diverse alcohols has been developed using KMnO4 as oxidant agent in the presence of a catalytic amount of Al2O3 in aqueous acetonitrile. In this method various alcohols generally afforded the corresponding carbonyl compounds directly in good to high ...  Read More A convenient approach for oxidation of structurally diverse alcohols has been developed using KMnO4 as oxidant agent in the presence of a catalytic amount of Al2O3 in aqueous acetonitrile. In this method various alcohols generally afforded the corresponding carbonyl compounds directly in good to high yield under ultrasound irradiation conditions. It shows that this kind of catalysis system is very active, selective and suitable for oxidation of benzylic alcohols. Furthermore, all products were obtained through a simple filtration and washed with solvent, and there was no need for column chromatography. All products have been characterized by IR and 1HNMR spectral data.

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Organic chemistry

N,N,N,N-Tetramethylguanidinium acetate as an efficient and reusable ionic liquid catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of dihydropyrrol-2-ones

Seyed Sajad Sajadikhah

Volume 5, Issue 2, pp. 121-236, Serial No. 15 , April 2017, , Pages 121-128

Abstract

  An extremely facile and efficient procedure which has been developed for the synthesis of dihydropyrrol-2-ones. One-pot four-component reaction of amines, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates and formaldehyde in the presence of N,N,N,N-tetramethylguanidinium acetate [TMG][Ac] in methanol at ambient temperature ...  Read More An extremely facile and efficient procedure which has been developed for the synthesis of dihydropyrrol-2-ones. One-pot four-component reaction of amines, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates and formaldehyde in the presence of N,N,N,N-tetramethylguanidinium acetate [TMG][Ac] in methanol at ambient temperature provides substituted dihydropyrrol-2-ones in good to high yields. The important aspects of this multi-component heteroannulation are simple operations under mild conditions, readily available starting material and catalyst. Furthermore, All products were obtained through a simple filtration and washed with ethanol and no need for column chromatography. It is found that the catalyst is recyclable and can be used up to four times without significant loss of its activity.

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Inorganic chemistry

Synthesis, spectroscopic investigation and coductometry of a new hexadentate symmetric Schiff base ligand containing N2O2S2 donor atoms and related complexes with Cd(II), Zn(II), Co(II) and Mn (II) metal ions

Reza Golbedaghi; Ehsan Alavipour

Volume 4, Issue 2, pp. 133-235, Serial No. 11 , April 2016, , Pages 133-141

Abstract

  In this paper, we report the synthesis and characterization of a new symmetric macroacyclic Schiff base ligand (H2L) and related complexes with different metals. (H2L) was synthesized by the one pot condensation reaction of 2-[2-(2-formyl phenoxy)ethoxy]benzaldehyde and 2-aminobenzenethiol in a 1:2 molar ...  Read More In this paper, we report the synthesis and characterization of a new symmetric macroacyclic Schiff base ligand (H2L) and related complexes with different metals. (H2L) was synthesized by the one pot condensation reaction of 2-[2-(2-formyl phenoxy)ethoxy]benzaldehyde and 2-aminobenzenethiol in a 1:2 molar ratio. The acyclic Schiff base was characterized by IR, NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Also, the resulting synthesized metal complexes in this work were characterized by elemental analysis, IR and molar conductivity in all cases and NMR spectroscopy for the case of Cd(II) complex. . The molar conductivities at 10-3 M concentration for the complexes in acetonitrile are in the range expected for their formulation as 1:2 electrolytes.

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Organic chemistry

N1,N1,N2,N2-Tetramethyl-N1,N2-bis(sulfo)ethane-1,2-diaminium chloride as a highly efficient catalyst for synthesis of some nitrogen- and oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds

Maryam Dashtizadeh; Maryam Khalili; Fatemeh Reghbat; Eshagh Abdi; Zahra Bahadori; Zahra Sadripour; Abdolkarim Zare; Khadijeh Didehban; Seyed Sajad Sajadikhah

Volume 7, Issue 3, pp. 160-229, Serial No. 24 , July 2019, , Pages 160-173

https://doi.org/10.30473/icc.2018.40557.1441

Abstract

  In this research, a Brønsted acidic ionic liquid namely N1,N1,N2,N2-tetramethyl-N1,N2-bis(sulfo)ethane-1,2-diaminium chloride {[TMBSED][Cl]2} was employed as a highly efficient catalyst for the solvent-free production of some nitrogen- and oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds including: (i) ...  Read More In this research, a Brønsted acidic ionic liquid namely N1,N1,N2,N2-tetramethyl-N1,N2-bis(sulfo)ethane-1,2-diaminium chloride {[TMBSED][Cl]2} was employed as a highly efficient catalyst for the solvent-free production of some nitrogen- and oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds including: (i) polyhydroquinolines (from arylaldehydes, dimedone, β-ketoesters and ammonium acetate), (ii) 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones/thiones (from arylaldehydes, β-ketoesters and urea/thiourea), and (iii) 14-aryl-14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes (from aromatic aldehydes and β-naphthol). In all cases, the heterocycles were obtained in high yields and in short reaction times. The salient features of using [TMBSED][Cl]2 in the reactions, include effectiveness, generality, simple preparation of the catalyst from inexpensive and easy available reactants, achieving the reactions under solvent-free conditions, synthesis of the products with high yields in short reaction times and need to milder conditions compared with many reported methods for the preparation of the aforesaid organic compounds.

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Organic chemistry

One-pot and one-step novel N-methylation of 2,6-diaminopyridine

Mehdi Nabati; Mehrdad Mahkam

Volume 2, Issue 3, pp. 162-231, Serial No. 4 , July 2014, , Pages 162-167

Abstract

  2,6-diaminopyridine is extensively used as a pharmaceutical intermediate and a hair dye coupler as oxidation formulations. It is soluble in protic solvents. Primary and secondary amines are N-methylated by various methods such as direct alkylation of amines with Hofmann mechanism, but in many of these ...  Read More 2,6-diaminopyridine is extensively used as a pharmaceutical intermediate and a hair dye coupler as oxidation formulations. It is soluble in protic solvents. Primary and secondary amines are N-methylated by various methods such as direct alkylation of amines with Hofmann mechanism, but in many of these methods due to overalkylations, we earn a mixture of amino products. Consequently, they aren't selective in secondary amines preparation. Also, the selective synthesis of secondary amines is a problematic field in organic chemistry. 2,6-diaminopyridine can be selective N-methylated from reaction of this compound with sodium azide and orthoformic ester in low time with good yields.

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Organic chemistry

Microwave-assisted solvent-free synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 1-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-3-enes

Bagher Mohammadi; Ebrahim Rezaei; Fouzieh Moghadami

Volume 6, Issue 3, pp. 218-324, Serial No. 20 , July 2018, , Pages 218-227

Abstract

  This work described a simple and efficient method for the synthesis of 1-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-3-ene derivatives. arylidenmalononitriles and hydroxylamine hydrochloride in the presence of NaOH, under microwave irradiation and solvent-free conditions produced the titled compounds in good to excellent ...  Read More This work described a simple and efficient method for the synthesis of 1-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-3-ene derivatives. arylidenmalononitriles and hydroxylamine hydrochloride in the presence of NaOH, under microwave irradiation and solvent-free conditions produced the titled compounds in good to excellent yields. Using of simple chemicals, short reaction times, and solvent-free conditions, high yields of products, high atomic economy , and eco-friendly are the important advantages of this method. The antibacterial effect of 4-amino-2,6-bis(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-ene-3,5-dicarbonitrile was evaluated by minimum inhibitory concentration and disk diffusion method against the standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of 2h were 40 and 30 mg/ml for P. aeruginosa and S. aureus respectively and the maximum inhibitory zones were 4 and 5 mm on average, respectively.

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Organic chemistry

Friedel-Crafts alkylation of indoles with epoxides using PW12-APTES@SBA-15

Hamid Aliyan

Volume 7, Issue 4. pp. 230-306, Serial No. 25 , October 2019, , Pages 230-238

https://doi.org/10.30473/icc.2018.3871

Abstract

  H3PW12O40 (PW12) was immobilized over mesoporous alumina through the reaction of mesoporous alumina functionalized 3-aminopropyl triethoxy silane (3-APTES) and PW12. The surface properties of the functionalized nanocomposite was analyzed by a series of characterization techniques like elemental analysis, ...  Read More H3PW12O40 (PW12) was immobilized over mesoporous alumina through the reaction of mesoporous alumina functionalized 3-aminopropyl triethoxy silane (3-APTES) and PW12. The surface properties of the functionalized nanocomposite was analyzed by a series of characterization techniques like elemental analysis, FTIR and XRD. XRD and adsorption–desorption analysis shows that the mesostructure of silica remains intact after various modifications, while spectral technique show the successful grafting of the neat PW12 inside the porous silica support. 3-Alkylindole derivatives were produced by ring opening of epoxides in the presence of PW12-APTES@ SBA-15 nanocomposites as an efficient catalyst. The catalyst can be reused for several times but it will be less active.

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Organic chemistry

Isolation and characterization of curcumin from powdered rhizomes of turmeric plant marketed in Maragheh city of Iran with soxhlet technique

Mehdi Nabati; Mehrdad Mahkam; Hassan Heidari

Volume 2, Issue 4, pp. 236-325, Serial No. 5 , October 2014, , Pages 236-243

Abstract

  Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is extensively used as a spice, food preservative and colouring material. It has been used in traditional medicine for various diseases. Curcumin, the main yellow bioactive component of turmeric has been shown to have a wide spectrum of biological actions. Heretofore, it has ...  Read More Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is extensively used as a spice, food preservative and colouring material. It has been used in traditional medicine for various diseases. Curcumin, the main yellow bioactive component of turmeric has been shown to have a wide spectrum of biological actions. Heretofore, it has been reported that natural colored extracts isolated from turmeric rhizomes with many methods such as maceration, digestion, microwave and infusion. In this paper, it was tried to isolate and characterize curcumin from the curcumin rhizomes marketed in Maragheh city of Iran by soxhlet extraction technique in methanol solvent. The advantage of this technique is the isolation of large amounts of curcumin (208 mg from 25 g turmeric rhizomes powder) with smaller quantity of methanol.

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Applied Chemistry

Synthesis and characterization of Schiff-base polymer derived from 2,5-dichloroaniline and 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde

Milad Kazemnejadi; Aliakbar Dehno Khalaji; Hossein Mighani

Volume 5, Issue 3, pp. 237-363, Serial No. 16 , July 2017, , Pages 237-241

Abstract

  Schiff base sal-2,5-Clan = 2-(2,5-dichlorobenzylideneamino)phenol used as a new precursor for preparation of poly-2-(2,5-dichlorobenzylideneamino)phenol (PDCBAP). In an aqueous alkaline medium, NaOCl oxidant is capable of oxidative poly-condensation reaction (OP). Both sal-2,5-Clan and PDCBAP were characterized ...  Read More Schiff base sal-2,5-Clan = 2-(2,5-dichlorobenzylideneamino)phenol used as a new precursor for preparation of poly-2-(2,5-dichlorobenzylideneamino)phenol (PDCBAP). In an aqueous alkaline medium, NaOCl oxidant is capable of oxidative poly-condensation reaction (OP). Both sal-2,5-Clan and PDCBAP were characterized by solubility tests, FT-IR, 1H-NMR spectroscopy and TG-DTA studies. FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectrum of PDCBAP indicates the formation of Ar-O-Ar bond. According to TG/DTA curves, PDCBAP demonstrated higher resistance against temperature than sal-2,5-Clan. At optimum reaction conditions, viz. time = 14h, [NaOCl]0 = 0.12 M, [KOH]0 = 0.1 M and T = 90°C, the yield of PDCBAP is 52.17%. Thermal studies indicated that PDCBAP is more stable than sal-2,5-Clan.

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Organic chemistry

The anti cancer effects of Stachys Lavandulifolia extract

Mehdi Foruzani; Abbas Ali Dehpour; Mahla Musavi

Volume 3, Issue 4, pp. 283-387, Serial No. 9 , October 2015, , Pages 283-290

Abstract

  Stachys is one of the largest genera in the flowering plant family. It is in the subfamily Lamioideae (Labiatae), spreading and growing in different parts of Iran. The purpose of this study was to investigate the chemical properties of Stachyslavandulifolia as well as the essence, ethanol and methanol ...  Read More Stachys is one of the largest genera in the flowering plant family. It is in the subfamily Lamioideae (Labiatae), spreading and growing in different parts of Iran. The purpose of this study was to investigate the chemical properties of Stachyslavandulifolia as well as the essence, ethanol and methanol extracts of this plant. It was collected from Chulus located in the West of Mazandaran Province. The ethanol and methanol extracts were provided using soxhlet and percolation. The extracts then were defatted and solvent removal performed in a subsequent process. The anticancer activity of extracts was also conducted using MTT assay method in this respect. The test results indicated that there is no significant effect on the inhibition of cell growth when the concentration of extracts is lower than 0.5 mg/ml clarifying that the more the increase in concentration, the more the reduction in growth inhibition.

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Biochemistry

Essential oil composition of Cleome heratensis (Capparaceae) at different growing stages

Mohammad Ali Nasseri; Soheila Behravesh; Ali Allahresani

Volume 5, Issue 4, pp. 364-493, Serial No. 17 , October 2017, , Pages 364-371

Abstract

  In this study, the essential oil content in the aerial parts of Cleome heratensis which is growing in the east of Iran was investigated. The aerial parts of the plant were collected from the late August to October 2014, for a total of four harvests (S1-S4). Essential oils were isolated by hydro-distillation. ...  Read More In this study, the essential oil content in the aerial parts of Cleome heratensis which is growing in the east of Iran was investigated. The aerial parts of the plant were collected from the late August to October 2014, for a total of four harvests (S1-S4). Essential oils were isolated by hydro-distillation. The oils were analyzed by GC-FID and 30 constituents, representing 84.93-92.9 % of the total compositions of the oil were identified. The major components of the essential oil in the four harvests were hexanal (7.57%-33.96%), α-phellandrene (6.08% -13.17%), α-farnesen (7.54%-10.9%), methyl eugenol (6.74%-8.31%), eugenol (3.94%-7.4%), verbenone (3.98%-6.24%), myrcene (1.54%-5.75%), hexadecane (2.34%-4.82%), linalool (1.59% - 3.53%) and α-humulene (1.01%-1.93%). The findings indicated That the main component groups of oil are monoterpenoids (11.83–19.29%), oxygenated monoterpens (10.34–16.96%), sesquiterpenoids (10.67–20%) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (0–4.34%) which are obviously increased during the growing stages. Monoterpenoids were higher during the late flowering stage (S3), but oxygenated monoterpens were observed to be slightly lower in this stage. Monoterpens are slightly higher during development stages.

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Organic chemistry

The preparation of quinoxaline and 2,3-dihydropyrazine derivatives using selectfluor as an efficient and reusable catalyst

Seyedeh Fatemeh Hojati; Zahra Nematdoust; Toktam Zeinali

Volume 3, Issue 1, pp. 1-71, Serial No.6 , January 2015, , Pages 6-15

Abstract

  Selectfluor [1-(chloro methyl) -4-flouro -1,4-di azonia bicyclo[2,2,2] octane bis (tetraflouro-borate)] catalyzed the preparation of quinoxaline and 2,3-dihydo pyrazine derivatives through one -pot condensation of 1,2-di amines with 1,2-di carbonyls in solvent and under solvent- free conditions. This ...  Read More Selectfluor [1-(chloro methyl) -4-flouro -1,4-di azonia bicyclo[2,2,2] octane bis (tetraflouro-borate)] catalyzed the preparation of quinoxaline and 2,3-dihydo pyrazine derivatives through one -pot condensation of 1,2-di amines with 1,2-di carbonyls in solvent and under solvent- free conditions. This catalyst is commercially available, inexpensive, reusable, stable to air and moisture, and relatively non-toxic. Furthermore, very short reaction times, high yields of products, mild reaction conditions, absence of solvent, and easy work-up are other considerable advantages of these procedures. Also, a resonable mechanism has been proposed for the current reaction. The chemical structure and purity of the products were characterized by 1H NMR and IR spectroscopy.

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Analytical chemistry

Preconcentration of acrylamide with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop prior to determination by HPLC

Shaghayegh Mohebi; Ali Mazloomifar

Volume 6, Issue 1, pp. 1-108, Serial No. 18 , January 2018, , Pages 8-18

Abstract

  A novel, rapid, simple and sensitive dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method based on the solidification of floating organic drop (DLLME-SFO) combined with high performance liquid chromatography-ultra violet detection (HPLC-UV) was used to determine acrylamide in potato chips. The derivation ...  Read More A novel, rapid, simple and sensitive dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method based on the solidification of floating organic drop (DLLME-SFO) combined with high performance liquid chromatography-ultra violet detection (HPLC-UV) was used to determine acrylamide in potato chips. The derivation of the acrylamide happened in the presence of KBr, KBrO3, H2SO4. Based on studies, 1-undecanol was selected as the extraction solvent. The factors affecting the extraction efficiency of DLLME-SFO such as the volume of the extraction solvent, kind and volume of the disperser solvent, effect of concentration of KBr, KBrO3, H2SO4 and time of centrifuge, time of derivative and extraction time were investigated and the optimal extraction conditions were estimated. Under the optimum conditions (extraction solvent: 150µl 1-undecanol;disperser solvent:1000 µl acetone; concentration of KBr, KBrO3:10 ppb; concentration of H2SO4 0.001 mol/l; extraction time: 3min), calibration curve is linear in the range of 0.5-15 ppb and correlation of determination (R2) is 0.993.The method was successfully applied for the determination of acrylamide in the actual potato chips.

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Organic chemistry

Solvent-free and one-pot Biginelli synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones and 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-thiones using ionic liquid N,N-diethyl-N-sulfoethanammonium chloride {[Et3N–SO3H]Cl} as a green catalyst

Saeid Azimi; Marziyeh Hariri

Volume 4, Issue 1, pp. 1-132, Serial No. 10 , January 2016, , Pages 13-20

Abstract

  In this work, the ionic liquid triethylamine-bonded sulfonic acid {[Et3N–SO3H]Cl}, N,N-diethyl-N-sulfoethanammonium chloride was used as a green acidic homogeneous catalyst to synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones and 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-thiones as two categories of heterocycles, ...  Read More In this work, the ionic liquid triethylamine-bonded sulfonic acid {[Et3N–SO3H]Cl}, N,N-diethyl-N-sulfoethanammonium chloride was used as a green acidic homogeneous catalyst to synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones and 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-thiones as two categories of heterocycles, from aldehyde, dicarbonyl compound and urea or thiourea throughout the one-pot three components cyclocondensation reactions. The dihidropyrimidineones and dihydropyrimidinethiones derivatives that synthesized in this method are two important categories of heterocyclic compounds with biologic and pharmacologic activity. The ionic liquid that used in these reactions act as Bronsted acid and green homogeneous catalyst and has N-S bond in its cationic fragment and easily synthesised. The advantages of our method are solvent-free conditions, green process and high isolated yield of products.

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Nanochemistry

Performance comparison of graphene and graphene oxide-supported palladium nanoparticles as a highly efficient catalyst in oxygen reduction

Mir Reza Majidi; Seyran Ghaderi

Volume 6, Issue 3, pp. 218-324, Serial No. 20 , July 2018, , Pages 15-28

Abstract

  In this work, the performance of graphene nanosheets (GNs) and graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets, as a support for palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), was studied. The graphene nanosheets were functionalized by a new and simple method. The PdNPs were synthesized on a ...  Read More In this work, the performance of graphene nanosheets (GNs) and graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets, as a support for palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), was studied. The graphene nanosheets were functionalized by a new and simple method. The PdNPs were synthesized on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with GNs or GO via a potentiostatic method; without using any templates, surfactants or stabilizers. The surface morphology of the modified electrodes was studied by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray and X-ray diffraction techniques. Cyclic voltammetry and rotating disk electrode (RDE) voltammetry methods were used for calculation of electrochemical parameters of the ORR. The GCE modified with PdNPs-GO exhibited a higher catalytic activity in comparison with PdNPs-GNs toward ORR. The high electrocatalytic activity of PdNPs-GO/GCE was attributed to oxygen-containing groups that were formed on the GO during functionalization of graphene nanosheets. These groups act as anchoring sites for metal nanoparticles and improve their dispersion on GO nanosheets. Also, mechanism of ORR was intensively investigated and transferred electron numbers in reaction was calculated using RDE data analysis. Finally, stability of the modified electrodes was studied and the results confirmed that the GCE modified with PdNPs-GO has a long-term stability.

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One-pot synthesis of highly regioselective β-azido alcohols catalyzed by Brønsted acidic ionic liquids

Sarvin Mohammadi-Aghdam; Hadi Jabbari; Omidali Pouralimardan; Fater Divsar; Issa Amini; Sami Sajjadifar

Volume 7, Issue 1, pp. 1-89, Serial No. 22 , January 2019, , Pages 15-28

https://doi.org/10.30473/icc.2019.7646

Abstract

  In this protocol, 3-(2-carboxybenzoyl)-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride [Cbmim]Cl and sulfonic acid functionalized pyridinium chloride [pyridine-SO3H]Cl as a new, reusable, and green Brønsted acidic ionic liquid (BAIL) catalyst were synthesized and successfully used for the one-pot ring opening ...  Read More In this protocol, 3-(2-carboxybenzoyl)-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride [Cbmim]Cl and sulfonic acid functionalized pyridinium chloride [pyridine-SO3H]Cl as a new, reusable, and green Brønsted acidic ionic liquid (BAIL) catalyst were synthesized and successfully used for the one-pot ring opening of epoxide with sodium azide (NaN3) in water at room temperature. Epoxides under ring-opening easily with NaN3 in the presence of [Cbmim]Cl and [pyridine-SO3H]Cl to afford the corresponding β-azido alcohols as attractive and interesting materials in drug design and pharmaceutics compounds in high yield with good regioselective under mild reaction conditions. In this protocol, 3-(2-carboxybenzoyl)-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride [Cbmim]Cl and sulfonic acid functionalized pyridinium chloride [pyridine-SO3H]Cl as a new, reusable, and green Brønsted acidic ionic liquid (BAIL) catalyst were synthesized and successfully used for the one-pot ring opening of epoxide with sodium azide (NaN3) in water at room temperature. Epoxides under ring-opening easily with NaN3 in the presence of [Cbmim]Cl and [pyridine-SO3H]Cl to afford the corresponding β-azido alcohols as attractive and interesting materials in drug design and pharmaceutics compounds in high yield with good regioselective under mild reaction conditions.

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Organic chemistry

Synthesis and characterization of derived imines from 4-imino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-benzothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3(4H)-amine

Mehdi Soleimany; Jalil Lari; Hooshang Vahedi

Volume 2, Issue 1, pp. 1-81, Serial No. 2 , January 2014, , Pages 18-26

Abstract

  The synthesis and characterization of derived imines from 4-imino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-benzo thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3(4H)-amine 3 has been developed in 3 steps through the reaction of heteroaromatic o-aminonitrile 1 with triethyl orthoformate afforded the corresponding imido ester 2 followed by cyclization ...  Read More The synthesis and characterization of derived imines from 4-imino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-benzo thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3(4H)-amine 3 has been developed in 3 steps through the reaction of heteroaromatic o-aminonitrile 1 with triethyl orthoformate afforded the corresponding imido ester 2 followed by cyclization with hydrazine hydrate to furnish iminothienopyrimidineamine 3 and finally the imination of 3 at room temperature with aromatic aldehydes was generated the corresponding imines (5a-5h). The new products were obtained in high yield with an easy work-up in simple reaction along with the purification of products by non-chromatographic method. This general synthetic procedure can be extended to the preparation of wide variety of imines using o-aminonitrile bifunctional derivatives which synthesized by Gewald reaction.

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