Original Research Article
Physical chemistry
Hajar Soltaninejad; Zahra Madadi; Tayebe Bagheri Lotfabad; Atefeh Pirani; Negissa Ebadipour
Volume 4, Issue 3, pp. 236-358, Serial No. 12 , July 2016, Pages 236-244
Abstract
Acanthophyllum laxiusculum is one of the most widely distributed species of the genus in Iran that flourishes in steppe and mountainous regions of the country. In the present study, water-soluble content of A. laxiusculum roots was extracted by boiling water and further successively purified partially ...
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Acanthophyllum laxiusculum is one of the most widely distributed species of the genus in Iran that flourishes in steppe and mountainous regions of the country. In the present study, water-soluble content of A. laxiusculum roots was extracted by boiling water and further successively purified partially by a defined solvent system. Surface tension measurements revealed the ability of plant extract to decrease the surface tension of water from 72 to 38mN/m with a critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 87.3 mg/l. The partially purified natural extract (PPNE) exhibited 65% emulsification activity (E24) on kerosene. A combination of UV–VIS spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) demonstrated the presence of saponin compounds in PPNE. Moreover, thermostability of PPNE was evaluated by thermal gravimetric analysis (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). TG-DTG analysis showed a complex three-stage thermal degradation mechanism and this conclusion was also supported by the DTA spectrum.
Original Research Article
Organic chemistry
Seyyedeh Cobra Azimi; Esmayeel Abbaspour-Gilandeh
Volume 4, Issue 3, pp. 236-358, Serial No. 12 , July 2016, Pages 245-255
Abstract
A green and convenient method for the synthesis of 14-aryl-14H-dibenzo[a,i]xanthene-8,13-diones and spiro[dibenzo[a,i]-xanthene-14,3'-indoline]-2',8,13-triones in the presence of a catalytic amount of cellulose sulfuric acid (CSA) as an efficient biopolymer-based catalyst under solvent-free conditions ...
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A green and convenient method for the synthesis of 14-aryl-14H-dibenzo[a,i]xanthene-8,13-diones and spiro[dibenzo[a,i]-xanthene-14,3'-indoline]-2',8,13-triones in the presence of a catalytic amount of cellulose sulfuric acid (CSA) as an efficient biopolymer-based catalyst under solvent-free conditions at 100 °C is described. The condensation reactions of β-naphtol, 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione with aldehydes or isatins to afford the corresponding xanthenes in good to excellent yields. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first example of a multicomponent reaction to the synthesis of these compounds using cellulose sulfuric acid. The present approach offers several advantages such as shorter reaction times, simple work-up, excellent yields, non-toxicity of the catalyst, and solvent-free conditions. Moreover, cellulose sulfuric acid is successfully reused for four cycles without significant less of activity.
Original Research Article
Analytical chemistry
Sohrab Ershad; Noshin Safarzadeh; Hamzeh Akhondi-Yamchi
Volume 4, Issue 3, pp. 236-358, Serial No. 12 , July 2016, Pages 256-264
Abstract
A novel chemically modified electrode containing Prussian blue complex was achieved on the surface of glass carbon electrode by sol-gel technique. The electrochemical behavior of modified electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammetry in detail. The film electrode obtained was very stable and exhibited ...
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A novel chemically modified electrode containing Prussian blue complex was achieved on the surface of glass carbon electrode by sol-gel technique. The electrochemical behavior of modified electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammetry in detail. The film electrode obtained was very stable and exhibited electrocatalytic response for oxidation of nitrite. Results showed at bare GC electrode, a small oxidation peak current was observed at about 740 mV and a well-formed sharp catalytic oxidation peak at about 600 mV was observed at Prussian blue complex modified electrode. The transfer coefficient (α) for electrocatalytic oxidation of nitrite and the diffusion coefficient of this substance under the experimental conditions were also investigated.
Original Research Article
Nanochemistry
Aliakbar Dehno Khalaji; Fatemeh Gharib
Volume 4, Issue 3, pp. 236-358, Serial No. 12 , July 2016, Pages 265-272
Abstract
In this paper, nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles have been prepared by solid state thermal decomposition of an acyclic nickel(II) complex (1,2-bis(2-formyl-3-methoxyphenyl)propane)nickel(II) chloride, [NiL]Cl2, in an electrical furnace at optimal temperature, 450 ºC for 3.5 h. The nickel(II) complex ...
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In this paper, nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles have been prepared by solid state thermal decomposition of an acyclic nickel(II) complex (1,2-bis(2-formyl-3-methoxyphenyl)propane)nickel(II) chloride, [NiL]Cl2, in an electrical furnace at optimal temperature, 450 ºC for 3.5 h. The nickel(II) complex is obtained via solid state synthesis using nickel(II) chloride and tetradentate O4 acyclic ligand 1,2-bis(2-formyl-3-methoxyphenyl)propane. The structure and morphology of NiO nanoparticles are characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD and TEM analysis show that NiO nanoparticles have pure and cubic phase with the average size of 5-10 nm.
Original Research Article
Organic chemistry
Reyhaneh Khoeiniha; Ali Ezabadi; Abolfazl Olyaei
Volume 4, Issue 3, pp. 236-358, Serial No. 12 , July 2016, Pages 273-282
Abstract
A facile and efficient protocol for the synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthenes has been developed by one-pot Knoevenagel condensation, Michael addition and cyclodehydration reaction of dimedone (active methylene carbonyl compound) with aromatic aldehydes in the presence of Iron (III) sulfate hydrate ...
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A facile and efficient protocol for the synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthenes has been developed by one-pot Knoevenagel condensation, Michael addition and cyclodehydration reaction of dimedone (active methylene carbonyl compound) with aromatic aldehydes in the presence of Iron (III) sulfate hydrate as a solid acidic catalyst under solvent-free conditions. Various aromatic aldehydes were utilized in the reaction and in all situations the desired product were synthesized successfully. The present methodology is cost-effective in addition to other advantages like high yields of products in shorter reaction time and simple workup procedure. The non toxicity and easy availability of the catalyst makes this protocol efficient and environmentally benign.
Original Research Article
Nanochemistry
Mohammad Ali Nasseri; Batol Zakerinasab; Sayyde Kamayestani
Volume 4, Issue 3, pp. 236-358, Serial No. 12 , July 2016, Pages 283-294
Abstract
Mn(II) salen complex immobilized on nano silicagel was prepared by incorporating Mn(II) salen complex into a nanosilica matrix and characterized by TGA, XRD, atomic absorption spectroscopy and was successfully applied as catalyst for the oxidation of alcohols. Oxidation of a series of alcohols in acetonitrile ...
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Mn(II) salen complex immobilized on nano silicagel was prepared by incorporating Mn(II) salen complex into a nanosilica matrix and characterized by TGA, XRD, atomic absorption spectroscopy and was successfully applied as catalyst for the oxidation of alcohols. Oxidation of a series of alcohols in acetonitrile over immobilized Mn(II) salen complex using tetrabutylammonium peroxymonosulfate (TBAO) as oxidant were resulted to the corresponding carbonyl compounds selectively in moderate to high yields. It is noteworthy that the aldehydes do not undergo further oxdation to carboxylic acids. The yields of aromatic alcohols are higher than those of alcohols with aliphatic groups. The catalyst has been reused several times, without observable loss of its activity and selectivity.
Original Research Article
Organic chemistry
Mehri Salimi
Volume 4, Issue 3, pp. 236-358, Serial No. 12 , July 2016, Pages 295-308
Abstract
In this research, (Carboxy-3-oxopropylamino)-3-propylsilylcellulose (COPAPSC) as an organocatalyst, has been synthesized by grafting of succinic anhydride on the NH2-modified cellulose (cellulose functionalized with 3- aminopropyltriethoxysilane). The –CO2H group-functionalized cellulose (COPAPSC) ...
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In this research, (Carboxy-3-oxopropylamino)-3-propylsilylcellulose (COPAPSC) as an organocatalyst, has been synthesized by grafting of succinic anhydride on the NH2-modified cellulose (cellulose functionalized with 3- aminopropyltriethoxysilane). The –CO2H group-functionalized cellulose (COPAPSC) is used as a catalyst for the synthesis of coumarin derivatives from the reaction of phenolic substrate and β- Keto-esters under solvent-free conditions. The results showed that the yield of products is between 85-94%. The advantages of this reaction include simple work-up, short reaction time, excellent yields as well as easily separation of catalyst. The catalyst can be reused several times in subsequent reactions without any decreasing in the catalyst reactivity.
Original Research Article
Organic chemistry
Masoomeh Abdoli-Senejani; Nilufar Foruzan; Mahnaz Bahmani; Tahereh Momeni Isfahani; Saba Dustepour
Volume 4, Issue 3, pp. 236-358, Serial No. 12 , July 2016, Pages 309-317
Abstract
In this study, oxidation of some 3,5-diacyl or 3,5-diester 1,4-dihydropyridines to corresponding pyridine derivatives using sodium bromate in the presence of NH4Cl, NaHSO4 and Bu4NHSO4 under thermal conditions has been investigated. The yield and structure of formed products is similar under all conditions; ...
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In this study, oxidation of some 3,5-diacyl or 3,5-diester 1,4-dihydropyridines to corresponding pyridine derivatives using sodium bromate in the presence of NH4Cl, NaHSO4 and Bu4NHSO4 under thermal conditions has been investigated. The yield and structure of formed products is similar under all conditions; however, the reaction is accelerated in the presence of Bu4NHSO4 and NaHSO4. In addition, oxidation of 3,5-diester 1,4-dihydropyridines, against 3,5-diacetyl 1,4-dihydropyridines using sodium bromate in the presence of tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate, leads to the corresponding pyridines in shorter reaction times than sodium hydrogen sulfate. The cheapness of reagent, high yielding, easy work up and mild condition make this method a useful addition to the available methods in organic synthesis
Original Research Article
Biochemistry
Alireza Banaei; Eslam Pourbasheer; Fatemeh Haggi
Volume 4, Issue 3, pp. 236-358, Serial No. 12 , July 2016, Pages 318-336
Abstract
Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models were employed for prediction the activity of P2X7 receptor antagonists. A data set consisted of 50 purine derivatives was utilized in the model construction where 40 and 10 of these compounds were in the training and test sets respectively. A ...
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Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models were employed for prediction the activity of P2X7 receptor antagonists. A data set consisted of 50 purine derivatives was utilized in the model construction where 40 and 10 of these compounds were in the training and test sets respectively. A suitable group of calculated molecular descriptors was selected by employing stepwise multiple linear regressions (SW-MLR) and genetic algorithm-multiple linear regressions (GA-MLR) as variable selection tools. The proposed MLR models were fully confirmed applying internal and external validation techniques. The obtained results of this QSAR study showed the superiority of the GA-MLR model over the SW-MLR model. As a result, the obtained GA–MLR model could be applied as a valuable model for designing similar groups of P2X7 receptor antagonists.
Original Research Article
Organic chemistry
Abolfazl Olyaei; Zohreh Derikvand; Fatemeh Noruzian; Mahdieh Sadeghpour
Volume 4, Issue 3, pp. 236-358, Serial No. 12 , July 2016, Pages 337-346
Abstract
Al-MCM-41 nanoreactors is found to be a remarkable efficient catalyst for one-pot multicomponent cyclocondensation of benzil, aniline or ammonium acetate and aromatic aldehydes for the synthesis of polysubstituted imidazoles under solvent-free conditions. The reaction was efficiently promoted by 10 mg ...
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Al-MCM-41 nanoreactors is found to be a remarkable efficient catalyst for one-pot multicomponent cyclocondensation of benzil, aniline or ammonium acetate and aromatic aldehydes for the synthesis of polysubstituted imidazoles under solvent-free conditions. The reaction was efficiently promoted by 10 mg nano-Al-MCM-41 and the heterogeneous catalyst was recycled for four runs in this reaction without losing its catalytic activity. The key advantages of this process are operational simplicity, reusable catalyst, shorter reaction time, convenient work-up procedures, avoiding the use of organic solvents and purification of products by non-chromatographic methods. By this advantage, several polysubstituted imidazoles as pharmaceutical important molecules can be prepared in high yield and high purity.
Original Research Article
Inorganic chemistry
Kamellia Nejati; Shabnam Alizade; Sara Samuey; Zolfaghar Rezvani
Volume 4, Issue 3, pp. 236-358, Serial No. 12 , July 2016, Pages 347-358
Abstract
In the present work, the synthesis of Barium hexaferrite (BaFe12O19) nanoparticles in thepresence of a large excess amount of OH− anions by the hydrothermal method in the presence and absence of surfactants such as Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and Triton X-114 was reported. The optimized temperature ...
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In the present work, the synthesis of Barium hexaferrite (BaFe12O19) nanoparticles in thepresence of a large excess amount of OH− anions by the hydrothermal method in the presence and absence of surfactants such as Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and Triton X-114 was reported. The optimized temperature in the absence of surfactant was determined (200 °C) and then Barium hexaferrite nanoparticles were synthesized by assistance of surfactants at this temperature. In this way, it was confirmed that the secondary re-crystallization can be totally suppressed with the use of surfactant and addition of surfactant leads to the synthesis of uniform and ultrafine nanoparticles with excellent superparamagnetic properties. Barium hexaferite nanoparticles have a disc-like shape. The structure, morphology and magnetic properties of samples were characterized and investigated by Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques.